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Objective 1:
All sensory receptors are transducers
What
determines how a stimulus is interpreted? (1c)
Objective 4:
Hair
cells
Objective 5:
Hearing
Objective 6:
Role
of otoliths (6a)
Objective7:
Eye
diagrams
Advantages
and disadvantages of various types of eyes (7c)
Fish
Eyes (optional)
Scientific American "Ask the Experts": Why
do dogs get blue, not red, eyes in flash photos? (optional)
Dr. Strauss' Biology 129 at Penn State University: Sheep
Eye Dissection
The
Vitreous Humor (optional)
The Crystalline
Lens (optional)
Click here to
"see" your Blind Spot (optional)
Objective 8:
Rods
versus cones (8a)
Objective 13:
Muscle
Contraction video tutorial (From Campbell website)
Role
of ATP in muscle contraction (13b)
Objective 15:
Fatigue (optional)
Red
versus white muscle (15d)
Objective 18:
Bone
structure (optional)
Optional Slides - Check out some anatomy!:
Muscle Slides
Cardiac
Muscle
Smooth
Muscle
Compact Bone Slides
Optional Supplementary Material:
Retinal
cell transplant successful!
How Vision
Works
The
Nocturnal Eye
The
Eye and Retina
Major
bones of the vertebrate(from the University of the Western
Cape, South Africa - Internet Bio-Ed Project)
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The Eye
PAGE 1
PAGE 2
- a. eyelid
- b. cornea
- c. anterior chamber of the eye
- d. crystalline lens
- e. iris
- f. ciliary muscle
- g. vitreous body
The lens, in its relaxed state, is convexed, highly refractive
and accommodated for near vision. It can be flattened by the radially acting
ciliary
muscles and accommodated for far vision.
- A1 = lens accommodated for near vision
- A2 = lens accommodated
for distant vision
The rays of light come from a distance and strike the cornea
in parallel rays. They are converged by the convex lens and fall on the retina
forming
a sharp
image there.
The anterior-posterior diameter of the eyeball is too long. In
spite of maximum flattening, the lens cannot sufficiently converge the parallel
rays, coming
from a distance, to form a sharp image on the retina, since the retina
lies too far
away. The rays converge at a point before the retina and thus form
only a blurred image on the retina.
A dispersing-lens disperses the parallel rays coming from a distance.
The
rays then converge at a point similar to that at which rays from near objects
converge.
In this way, the myopic eye can distinguish distant objects
with clarity, too. Near objects can be distinguished with clarity by intensified
curvature of
the eye-lenses, if you place a dispersing glass before the eye.
The anterior-posterior diameter of the eyeball is too short.
By using its maximum power of refraction the lens can converge
the
rays, coming
parallel
from a
distance, on the retina shifted before to form a sharp image
there.
Rays coming dispersedly from a near point cannot be converged
but behind the retina in spite of maximum thickening of the
lens. The
image is
blurred.
The converging lens placed before the eye gives the rays coming
dispersedly from a near point a parallel direction. These
rays - as if coming
from a distance - are converged on the retina and give
a sharp image there.
field of vision
blind spot where the optic nerve enters the retina
eyeball
optic chiasma
visual axis
visual center in the posterior lobe of the cerebrum
nerve fiber layer
ganglion cell layer
internal granular layer
external granular layer
uvulae
rods
sustentacular fibers
layer of pigment cell
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